What ethical theory asserts that moral truth is determined by cultural or individual perspectives?

• A. Ethical Relativism
• B. Divine Law
• C. Utilitarianism
• D. Duty Ethics

Answer: (A)

Ethical Relativism is the theory that emphasizes that moral truths and principles are not universal but instead shaped by cultural, social, or individual perspectives. In this view, what is deemed right or wrong can vary significantly between different societies or individuals, meaning that there is no single moral standard that applies to everyone. This approach recognizes the influence of context on ethical judgments, suggesting that one cannot evaluate the morality of actions outside of their cultural or individual framework.

For instance, practices that may be considered ethically acceptable in one culture could be seen as immoral in another. This highlights the idea that ethical judgments are not absolute but are instead influenced by societal norms and personal beliefs. Ethical Relativism encourages an understanding and tolerance of differing moral views, as it acknowledges the diversity in moral reasoning across different groups of people.

By contrast, Divine Law refers to moral principles believed to be set by a higher power, asserting universal moral truths rather than those shaped by culture. Utilitarianism focuses on the consequences of actions and advocates for the greatest happiness for the greatest number, which is a different paradigm that does not center on cultural perspectives. Duty Ethics, or deontological ethics, holds that actions are moral based on adherence to rules or duties, regardless of the outcomes or