What ethical approach is characterized by the belief that one's own interests provide the basis for determining moral conduct?

• A. Utilitarianism
• B. Ethical Relativism
• C. Egoism
• D. Duty Ethics

Answer: (C)

Egoism is characterized by the belief that an individual's own interests or well-being serve as the foundation for determining what is morally right or wrong. This ethical perspective posits that actions are deemed morally acceptable if they promote the individual's own good or happiness. In this view, the focus is primarily on self-interest, suggesting that individuals should prioritize their own needs and desires when making moral decisions.

Unlike other ethical frameworks, such as utilitarianism, which considers the greatest good for the greatest number, or duty ethics, which is based on adherence to established rules or duties, egoism places the self at the center of moral reasoning. Ethical relativism, on the other hand, suggests that moral standards are not absolute and can vary between cultures or individuals, further distinguishing it from egoistic principles, which are rooted in personal interest.